Best places to visit in Turkey

Turkey is a country where East meets West, offering a mesmerizing blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. From ancient ruins and vibrant cities to pristine beaches and breathtaking landscapes, Turkey provides an unforgettable travel experience. With its affordable prices, world-renowned cuisine, and warm hospitality, it’s a must-visit destination for travelers seeking both adventure and relaxation.

Best Cities to Visit

Istanbul

Istanbul, Turkey’s largest city, is a vibrant metropolis where East meets West, blending centuries of history with modern energy. The city’s skyline is defined by architectural masterpieces like Hagia Sophia, a former Byzantine cathedral turned Ottoman mosque, now a museum with its massive dome and intricate mosaics. Just nearby, the Blue Mosque captivates visitors with its six minarets and stunning blue-tiled interior, still serving as an active place of worship.

For a taste of Istanbul’s bustling commerce, the Grand Bazaar is a must-visit, offering thousands of shops selling everything from spices and textiles to jewelry and antiques. To experience the city from the water, a Bosphorus cruise provides a unique perspective, sailing past opulent Ottoman palaces, ancient fortresses, and the modern skyline that stretches between Europe and Asia. Whether wandering through historic neighborhoods, indulging in Turkish cuisine, or exploring lively markets, Istanbul offers an unforgettable journey through time and culture.

Ankara

Ankara, Turkey’s capital, may not have the same global fame as Istanbul, but it holds deep historical and political significance. At its heart stands Anıtkabir, the grand mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey. The massive structure, set on a hill with sweeping views of the city, is both a national monument and a museum, where visitors can learn about Atatürk’s legacy and Turkey’s path to modernization.

For history enthusiasts, the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations offers a fascinating journey through Turkey’s ancient past, displaying artifacts from Hittite, Phrygian, and Urartian civilizations, as well as treasures from prehistoric Anatolia. The city’s skyline is dominated by Kocatepe Mosque, an architectural marvel blending classical Ottoman and modern design, with a vast prayer hall and four towering minarets. Beyond its historical sites, Ankara has a lively café culture, modern shopping districts, and a growing arts scene, making it a city worth exploring beyond its political role.

Izmir

Izmir, Turkey’s third-largest city, is a vibrant coastal destination blending history, culture, and a relaxed Aegean lifestyle. At its heart is Konak Square, home to the city’s iconic Clock Tower, an elegant 25-meter-tall structure built in 1901, surrounded by palm trees and lively street vendors. A short uphill trip leads to Kadifekale, or the “Velvet Castle,” an ancient fortress offering panoramic views of the Gulf of Izmir and the bustling city below.

Just an hour’s drive away lies Ephesus, one of the world’s best-preserved ancient cities, featuring landmarks like the grand Library of Celsus, the massive Great Theater, and the Temple of Artemis—once one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Back in Izmir, visitors can enjoy a stroll along the Kordon waterfront, savor fresh seafood at a seaside café, or explore the lively bazaars, making the city a perfect mix of history and modern Aegean charm.

Antalya

Antalya, Turkey’s top resort destination, is known for its stunning Mediterranean coastline, rich history, and vibrant atmosphere. The city boasts two famous beaches—Lara Beach, with its soft golden sand and luxury resorts, and Konyaaltı Beach, a long pebble stretch backed by the dramatic Taurus Mountains, perfect for swimming and sunbathing in crystal-clear waters.

For a taste of history, Kaleiçi, the city’s Old Town, offers a maze of cobblestone streets lined with Ottoman-era houses, boutique hotels, and cozy cafés. The historic Hadrian’s Gate, built in honor of the Roman emperor’s visit, marks the entrance to this charming district. Just outside the city, the Aspendos Theater, one of the best-preserved Roman amphitheaters in the world, still hosts concerts and performances, showcasing its remarkable acoustics and grandeur. Whether relaxing on the beach, exploring ancient ruins, or enjoying Antalya’s lively nightlife, this city offers the perfect mix of leisure and history.

Bursa

Bursa, the first major capital of the Ottoman Empire, is a city rich in history, culture, and natural beauty. At its heart stands the Grand Mosque (Ulu Cami), a masterpiece of early Ottoman architecture with 20 domes, intricate calligraphy, and a serene central fountain. The city’s historic bazaars and silk markets, once key stops on the Silk Road, still buzz with life, offering traditional textiles, sweets, and handcrafted goods.

Beyond its historical sites, Bursa is famous for its thermal baths, fed by natural hot springs that have been used since Roman times. The Çekirge district is home to some of the best hammams, where visitors can unwind in mineral-rich waters. In winter, Uludağ Ski Resort, just a short drive from the city, becomes Turkey’s top skiing and snowboarding destination, offering scenic slopes and a lively après-ski atmosphere. Whether exploring Ottoman heritage, relaxing in thermal waters, or hitting the ski slopes, Bursa offers a diverse and rewarding experience year-round.

Gaziantep

Gaziantep is a culinary and cultural gem in southeastern Turkey, famous for its rich history and world-renowned cuisine. The city is best known for its baklava, considered the finest in Turkey, made with delicate layers of phyllo dough, rich pistachios, and perfectly balanced syrup. Local restaurants and traditional bakeries, such as the famous İmam Çağdaş, serve this iconic dessert alongside other regional specialties like kebabs and spicy Antep lahmacun.

Beyond its food scene, Gaziantep is home to the Zeugma Mosaic Museum, which houses some of the most stunning Roman mosaics ever discovered, including the famous “Gypsy Girl” mosaic. History lovers can also explore Gaziantep Castle, a centuries-old fortress offering panoramic views of the city. Walking through the old bazaars and copper workshops, visitors can experience the city’s deep-rooted traditions while savoring its unforgettable flavors.

Best Natural Wonders

Cappadocia

Cappadocia is one of Turkey’s most enchanting destinations, famous for its surreal landscapes of cone-shaped rock formations, known as “fairy chimneys.” The best way to take in the region’s otherworldly beauty is by hot air balloon, soaring at sunrise over valleys filled with rock pillars, cave dwellings, and ancient monasteries. The panoramic views of the golden-hued terrain make it a once-in-a-lifetime experience.

On the ground, the Göreme Open-Air Museum, a UNESCO World Heritage site, showcases stunning rock-hewn churches adorned with well-preserved Byzantine frescoes. Beyond Göreme, Cappadocia’s underground cities, such as Derinkuyu and Kaymaklı, reveal an intricate network of tunnels and chambers where early Christians once sought refuge. Exploring these subterranean labyrinths gives a fascinating glimpse into the region’s rich and mysterious past. Whether hiking through the scenic valleys, staying in a cave hotel, or discovering hidden historical gems, Cappadocia is a destination like no other.

Pamukkale

Pamukkale, known as the “Cotton Castle,” is a breathtaking natural wonder with cascading white travertine terraces filled with mineral-rich thermal waters. Visitors can walk barefoot on the warm, calcium-rich pools while enjoying panoramic views of the valley below.

At the top of the terraces lies Hierapolis, an ancient Roman city with a remarkably well-preserved amphitheater and historical ruins. Nearby, Cleopatra’s Pool offers a unique experience—swimming in warm, bubbling waters surrounded by submerged ancient columns, believed to have collapsed in an earthquake. Combining natural beauty with ancient history, Pamukkale is one of Turkey’s most unique and relaxing destinations.

Mount Ararat

Mount Ararat, Turkey’s highest peak at 5,137 meters, is a majestic, snow-capped volcano near the eastern border. Often associated with the legend of Noah’s Ark, the mountain attracts climbers looking for a challenging ascent and stunning panoramic views. The trek, usually taking four to five days, passes through rugged landscapes and glaciers before reaching the summit, offering an unforgettable adventure for experienced hikers. While climbing requires a permit, the surrounding area also offers scenic hiking trails and cultural insights into the region’s Kurdish and Armenian heritage.

Saklıkent Canyon

Saklıkent Canyon, one of Turkey’s deepest gorges, offers a thrilling escape for nature and adventure enthusiasts. Carved by rushing waters over thousands of years, the canyon stretches 18 kilometers, with towering cliffs providing shade and a refreshing escape from the summer heat.

Visitors can wade through the cool river, following hiking trails that wind through narrow passages and rocky terrain. For those seeking more excitement, the canyon is a hotspot for river rafting and canyoning, with fast-flowing waters and rugged cliffs creating the perfect setting for adrenaline-pumping activities. Whether exploring on foot or tackling the rapids, Saklıkent offers an unforgettable outdoor experience.

Lake Van

Lake Van, Turkey’s largest and most scenic lake, is a striking body of deep blue water surrounded by rugged mountains. Rich in history and natural beauty, it offers a mix of cultural sites and unique local traditions.

A must-visit is Akdamar Island, home to the 10th-century Church of the Holy Cross, an Armenian church adorned with intricate stone carvings. The lake is also famous for the Van Cats, a rare and beloved breed known for their mismatched blue and amber eyes and love of swimming. Whether taking a boat trip to the island, exploring historic sites, or simply enjoying the serene lakeside views, Lake Van is a hidden gem in eastern Turkey.

Butterfly Valley

Butterfly Valley, a secluded Mediterranean gem near Fethiye, is a breathtaking escape with towering cliffs, turquoise waters, and untouched nature. Accessible only by boat or a challenging hike, its pristine beach offers a peaceful retreat away from crowds.

The valley is named for the rare Jersey Tiger butterflies, which flutter through its lush greenery, especially in summer. Visitors can swim in crystal-clear waters, explore small waterfalls hidden within the canyon, or camp under the stars for a true back-to-nature experience. With its untouched beauty and tranquil atmosphere, Butterfly Valley is one of Turkey’s most enchanting coastal hideaways.

Hidden Gems of Turkey

Konya – The Spiritual Heart of Turkey

Steeped in history and spirituality, Konya is best known as the city of Rumi, the great 13th-century Persian poet and founder of the Whirling Dervishes. A center of Sufi mysticism, Konya attracts visitors seeking a deeper connection to Turkey’s spiritual heritage. The Mevlana Museum, where Rumi’s tomb lies, is the city’s most famous landmark, drawing pilgrims and poetry lovers alike. The atmosphere is serene, with the sound of Sufi music and the sight of whirling dervishes performing their meditative dance known as the Sema.

Beyond its spiritual significance, Konya is home to remarkable Seljuk architecture, including the Alaeddin Mosque, one of the oldest in Turkey, and the Karatay Medrese, an exquisite tile-covered theological school. For history lovers, the ancient ruins of Çatalhöyük, one of the world’s oldest known settlements dating back over 9,000 years, are a must-visit.

Despite its deep historical roots, Konya is a vibrant modern city, where bustling markets, traditional etli ekmek (a local version of Turkish flatbread with meat), and warm hospitality create a unique blend of past and present. Whether drawn by its spiritual legacy, architectural beauty, or rich cultural traditions, Konya offers a profound and unforgettable experience.

Amasya

Nestled along the banks of the Yeşilırmak River, Amasya is one of Turkey’s most picturesque towns, where beautifully preserved Ottoman-era houses line the waterfront, framed by dramatic mountains. This historic town, once the capital of the Pontic Kingdom, is also famous for its rock-cut tombs of the Pontic Kings, carved into the cliffs above the city. Strolling along the river, visitors can admire the charming Hazeranlar Mansion, a stunning example of Ottoman architecture, while history lovers can explore Amasya Castle, offering breathtaking panoramic views. With a blend of rich heritage, scenic beauty, and a peaceful atmosphere, Amasya is a hidden treasure for those seeking an authentic Turkish experience.

Safranbolu

Stepping into Safranbolu feels like traveling back in time, as this UNESCO-listed town has preserved its Ottoman-era charm with remarkable authenticity. Once a key stop on the Silk Road, it boasts beautifully restored wooden houses, cobbled streets, and bustling markets filled with traditional crafts. The town takes its name from saffron, which is still cultivated in the surrounding areas and adds to its unique identity. Wandering through its streets, visitors can explore centuries-old caravanserais, historic mosques, and artisan workshops where local craftsmen continue age-old traditions. With its rich history, well-preserved heritage, and a warm, nostalgic atmosphere, Safranbolu is a must-visit for anyone fascinated by Turkey’s past.

Mardin

Perched on a rocky hill overlooking the Mesopotamian plains, Mardin is a city where history and culture intertwine in a mesmerizing blend of Arab, Kurdish, and Turkish influences. The honey-colored stone buildings, cascading down the hillsides, create an unforgettable skyline, while narrow alleys reveal hidden courtyards, centuries-old madrasas, and intricately carved facades. The city’s unique location has made it a melting pot of civilizations, and its landmarks, such as the Great Mosque of Mardin and the Deyrulzafaran Monastery, reflect this diverse heritage. A walk through its old town is like stepping into a living museum, where the echoes of ancient traders and scholars still linger.

Lake Salda

With its striking white sandy shores and dazzling turquoise waters, Lake Salda is often compared to the Maldives, though its remote and untouched beauty gives it a character all its own. This crater lake, one of the deepest in Turkey, is not just a visual marvel but also a geological wonder, with mineral-rich sands believed to have similarities to Martian soil. Surrounded by pine forests and rolling hills, it offers a tranquil escape for nature lovers, whether for swimming in its crystal-clear waters, sunbathing on its pristine beaches, or simply soaking in the serenity of this extraordinary landscape.

Uzungöl

Tucked away in the lush mountains of the Black Sea region, Uzungöl is a place where nature reigns supreme. A picturesque lake surrounded by dense forests and mist-covered peaks, this charming village feels worlds apart from Turkey’s bustling cities. Wooden houses dot the hillsides, while winding paths lead to breathtaking viewpoints. Whether hiking through the verdant landscapes, enjoying traditional Black Sea cuisine in a lakeside café, or simply watching the ever-changing reflections on the water, Uzungöl offers a peaceful retreat into the heart of nature.

Gökçeada & Bozcaada

Far from the crowded tourist beaches, the islands of Gökçeada and Bozcaada offer a more serene and authentic Aegean experience. Gökçeada, Turkey’s largest island, remains largely untouched, with unspoiled beaches, traditional Greek villages, and a laid-back atmosphere perfect for slow travel. Bozcaada, with its charming whitewashed houses, cobblestone streets, and vineyards, has a romantic Mediterranean feel. Both islands are ideal for those seeking tranquility, fresh seafood, and stunning sunsets over the deep blue sea. Whether exploring ancient ruins, swimming in crystal-clear waters, or simply enjoying the relaxed island lifestyle, these secluded gems capture the timeless beauty of the Aegean.

Interesting Places to Visit

Ephesus

Among the world’s best-preserved ancient cities, Ephesus stands as a breathtaking testament to the grandeur of Roman civilization. Once a thriving metropolis and a major center of trade and culture, it is now an open-air museum where visitors can marvel at the stunning Library of Celsus, the massive Great Theatre, and the Temple of Artemis—one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Walking along its marble streets, surrounded by grand colonnades and intricate mosaics, transports visitors back to an era when this city was one of the most important in the Mediterranean.

Troy

Immortalized in Homer’s Iliad, Troy is a city where myth and history intertwine. Although much of the site consists of ruins spanning multiple layers of civilization, the significance of Troy as the backdrop of the legendary Trojan War makes it a must-visit for history enthusiasts. The iconic wooden horse replica stands as a tribute to the epic tale, while archaeological findings reveal the complexity of this ancient settlement. Exploring the remains of its defensive walls, temples, and ancient dwellings offers a glimpse into a past that has inspired countless stories and legends.

Pergamon

Perched high above the modern town of Bergama, the ancient city of Pergamon was a major cultural and political center of the Hellenistic world. Known for its spectacular acropolis, it houses the remains of one of the steepest ancient theaters, offering breathtaking views of the valley below. The city was also home to the famous Library of Pergamon, once second only to Alexandria in its collection of knowledge. Visitors can explore the Temple of Trajan, the healing sanctuary of Asclepion, and the Altar of Zeus, whose intricate friezes are now housed in Berlin’s Pergamon Museum.

Nemrut Mountain

Rising 2,134 meters above sea level, Mount Nemrut is one of Turkey’s most mysterious and awe-inspiring archaeological sites. At its summit lies the tomb sanctuary of King Antiochus I of Commagene, flanked by colossal stone heads of gods, eagles, and lions. The purpose of this massive funerary monument remains partly shrouded in mystery, but standing before these weathered statues at sunrise or sunset, when they are bathed in golden light, is an unforgettable experience. The remote location adds to the site’s mystique, making it a rewarding destination for adventurous travelers.

Sumela Monastery

Clinging dramatically to a sheer rock face in the Pontic Mountains, Sumela Monastery is one of Turkey’s most striking religious sites. Founded in the 4th century and dedicated to the Virgin Mary, this Greek Orthodox monastery offers breathtaking views of the surrounding forested valleys. The fresco-adorned interiors showcase vivid biblical scenes, while the monastery’s remote location gives it an ethereal quality. Reaching the site involves a scenic hike through lush greenery, making the journey as rewarding as the destination itself.

Ani Ruins

Once a thriving medieval Armenian capital, Ani now stands as a hauntingly beautiful collection of ruins on the Turkish-Armenian border. Nicknamed the “City of a Thousand and One Churches,” it was a major hub on the Silk Road before being abandoned due to wars and natural disasters. Today, its remaining structures, including the Cathedral of Ani, the Church of St. Gregory, and sections of its ancient walls, create an eerie yet captivating landscape. The vast, windswept plateau on which Ani rests only adds to its mystique, making it a must-visit for those drawn to lost cities and forgotten histories.

Travel Tips for Visiting Turkey

Best Time to Visit

• Spring (April–June) & Autumn (September–November) – Ideal for sightseeing with pleasant weather.
• Summer (June–August) – Best for beach vacations but can be very hot inland.
• Winter (December–February) – Perfect for skiing in Uludağ and Palandöken.

Insurance & Safety

• Travel insurance is recommended, especially for adventure activities.
• Respect cultural customs, especially in religious sites.

Driving and Car Rental Tips

Renting a Car

• Reputable agencies: Sixt, Europcar, Avis.
• Find out if you need an International Driving Permit in Turkey before you travel.
• Popular road trips: The Turquoise Coast, Cappadocia, Black Sea region.

Driving Conditions & Rules

• Roads vary in quality; highways are generally good.
• Tolls are required on highways.
• Parking in major cities can be challenging; use designated parking areas.

Turkey is a country of immense diversity, offering everything from bustling cities to serene natural wonders. Whether you’re exploring ancient ruins, experiencing local cuisine, or soaking up the sun on the coast, Turkey promises a journey filled with unforgettable memories. Be sure to explore beyond Istanbul and uncover the country’s many hidden treasures.