Best places to visit in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is a land of ancient history, stunning desert landscapes, and a fascinating mix of modern and traditional culture. Home to the two holiest cities in Islam, numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites, and breathtaking natural wonders, the Kingdom is rapidly emerging as a top travel destination, thanks to its Vision 2030 tourism initiative.

Best Cities to Visit

Riyadh

A dynamic metropolis, Riyadh blends modern architecture, rich history, and cultural heritage, making it a must-visit destination.

The Kingdom Centre Tower, an iconic skyscraper, features a sky bridge observation deck offering breathtaking panoramic views of the city. History lovers can explore the Masmak Fortress, a key site in the unification of Saudi Arabia, where visitors can learn about the country’s early struggles and victories. Just outside Riyadh, Diriyah (At-Turaif District), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the birthplace of the Saudi state, featuring mudbrick palaces, historic alleyways, and cultural exhibitions.

Jeddah

A vibrant coastal city, Jeddah is known for its cultural diversity, historic charm, and scenic waterfront.

The city’s heart lies in Al-Balad (Old Jeddah), a UNESCO-listed historic district filled with centuries-old coral-stone buildings, bustling souqs, and traditional wooden balconies (Roshan). Along the waterfront, the Jeddah Corniche stretches for miles, offering stunning Red Sea views, parks, and modern art installations. A key landmark is the King Fahd Fountain, the tallest fountain in the world, shooting water over 300 meters into the sky.

Mecca

As the spiritual center of Islam, Mecca holds unparalleled significance, drawing millions of Muslim pilgrims each year for Hajj and Umrah. This sacred city is a place of deep faith, history, and awe-inspiring architecture.

At the heart of Mecca lies Al-Masjid al-Haram, the Grand Mosque, which houses the Kaaba, the most revered site in Islam. Pilgrims from around the world gather here to perform Tawaf (circumambulation) around the Kaaba, a deeply spiritual experience. The mosque also contains the Maqam Ibrahim, the Zamzam Well, and expansive prayer areas accommodating millions of worshippers.

Overlooking the Grand Mosque, the Abraj Al Bait Towers is an architectural marvel featuring one of the tallest clock towers in the world.

Medina

As Islam’s second holiest city, Medina holds immense religious and historical significance, serving as a place of peace, devotion, and pilgrimage for Muslims worldwide.

At its heart lies Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, the Prophet’s Mosque, established by Prophet Muhammad himself. This vast and breathtaking mosque is home to the Green Dome, beneath which rests the Prophet Muhammad’s tomb, along with the graves of Caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar. Pilgrims from across the world visit to pray, seek blessings, and reflect in this sacred space.

Another key landmark is Quba Mosque, located on the outskirts of Medina. As the first mosque built in Islam, it holds a special place in Islamic history. Prophet Muhammad himself participated in its construction, and it is believed that praying here carries the reward of performing Umrah.

Dammam

Located along the Arabian Gulf, Dammam is a vibrant coastal city known for its stunning beaches, modern attractions, and thriving economy.

One of the city’s highlights is the Dammam Corniche, a beautiful waterfront promenade lined with parks, restaurants, and recreational areas, offering visitors breathtaking sea views and a perfect spot for evening strolls. For beach lovers, Half Moon Bay is a must-visit destination.

Abha

Nestled in the Asir Mountains, Abha is a cool, picturesque retreat known for its rich cultural heritage, lush landscapes, and pleasant year-round climate. The city is a favorite getaway for those seeking history, adventure, and breathtaking nature.

One of Saudi Arabia’s most stunning historical sites, Rijal Almaa is a centuries-old village with multi-story stone houses, featuring intricate wooden balconies and colorful window frames. This well-preserved settlement, once a key stop on ancient trade routes, is now home to a heritage museum showcasing traditional artifacts, local handicrafts, and historical manuscripts. Walking through the village feels like stepping back in time, offering a unique glimpse into Asir’s architectural and cultural traditions.

Covering over 1,600 square kilometers, Asir National Park is one of Saudi Arabia’s most diverse natural reserves, boasting forested mountains, deep valleys, and wildlife-rich plateaus. The park is a haven for hikers and adventurers, with scenic trails leading to breathtaking viewpoints such as Jebel Sawda, the highest peak in Saudi Arabia at 3,133 meters.

AlUla

AlUla is a breathtaking desert region in northwestern Saudi Arabia, known for its ancient history, stunning rock formations, and rich cultural heritage. Once a major stop on the Incense Trade Route, AlUla is now a living museum, offering visitors a chance to explore archaeological wonders and striking natural landscapes.

One of its most famous sites is Madain Saleh (Hegra), Saudi Arabia’s first UNESCO World Heritage Site. Once part of the Nabataean Kingdom, this site features more than 100 intricately carved tombs, similar in style to Jordan’s Petra, but with a more secluded and mystical atmosphere. The tombs, dating back to the 1st century AD, showcase incredible rock-cut architecture and inscriptions that tell stories of the ancient civilization that once thrived here.

Another striking landmark is Elephant Rock, an enormous natural sandstone formation shaped like an elephant standing tall in the open desert. Best visited at sunset or under the starry night sky, this geological wonder is surrounded by desert camps, luxury resorts, and cultural events, making it a popular destination for relaxation and adventure.

Best Natural Wonders

Edge of the World (Jebel Fihrayn)

Rising dramatically from the desert plains near Riyadh, the Edge of the World (Jebel Fihrayn) is one of Saudi Arabia’s most awe-inspiring natural landmarks. This towering limestone escarpment offers breathtaking panoramic views of the endless desert, making visitors feel as if they are standing at the edge of the earth.

Formed millions of years ago when the region was covered by an ancient sea, the cliffs are now a hiker’s paradise, with rugged trails leading to stunning viewpoints. The vast desert below is dotted with ancient caravan routes, and on clear days, visitors can see for miles across the arid landscape. Sunset is the most magical time to visit, as the golden light illuminates the dramatic cliffs, creating a surreal and unforgettable experience.

Al Wahbah Crater

Nestled in the western desert of Saudi Arabia, Al Wahbah Crater is a stunning natural wonder, formed by volcanic activity thousands of years ago. This massive crater, approximately 2.5 kilometers wide and 250 meters deep, is one of the country’s most unique geological formations.

At the base of the crater lies a gleaming white salt flat, which contrasts beautifully with the rugged black lava fields surrounding it.

Farasan Islands

Located off the southwestern coast of Saudi Arabia, the Farasan Islands are an untouched archipelago known for their pristine beaches, rich marine life, and historical significance. This protected marine reserve is home to coral reefs, diverse fish species, and endangered Arabian gazelles, making it a perfect destination for diving, snorkeling, and eco-tourism.

The islands are also steeped in history, with remnants of ancient trade routes, Ottoman-era structures, and old coral stone houses that tell the story of their past as a key stop for traders.

Al Ahsa Oasis

Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Al Ahsa Oasis is the world’s largest oasis, boasting over 2.5 million date palm trees, ancient springs, and a rich cultural heritage. Nestled in eastern Saudi Arabia, this lush paradise contrasts beautifully with the surrounding desert, offering visitors a unique blend of nature, history, and tradition.

The oasis is home to natural springs, such as Ain Najm, Al-Jawhariah, and Um Sab’ah, which have provided water for settlements for thousands of years. Among its historical treasures is Qaisariya Souq, one of Saudi Arabia’s oldest markets, where visitors can explore traditional crafts, spices, and local delicacies.

Asir Mountains

The Asir Mountains, located in southwestern Saudi Arabia, offer a refreshing contrast to the country’s desert landscapes, with cool temperatures, mist-covered peaks, and vibrant green valleys. Known for their stunning natural beauty and rich cultural heritage, these mountains provide an ideal retreat for nature lovers, adventure seekers, and those looking to explore Saudi Arabia’s diverse geography.

The region is home to Asir National Park, a vast protected area featuring dense juniper forests, dramatic escarpments, and diverse wildlife, including baboons and rare bird species. A highlight of the area is Jebel Sawda, the highest peak in Saudi Arabia at 3,133 meters, offering breathtaking panoramic views and a cool climate year-round.

Jebel Qarah

Located in Al Ahsa Oasis, Jebel Qarah is a stunning geological marvel known for its unique limestone formations, narrow canyons, and extensive cave system. Over thousands of years, wind and water erosion have sculpted the rock into towering cliffs, intricate passageways, and cool, shaded caves, making it a fascinating destination for explorers and photographers alike.

One of the highlights of Jebel Qarah is the cave system, where natural ventilation keeps the interiors cool even during the summer months. The caves are easily accessible, allowing visitors to wander through winding tunnels and hidden chambers, each revealing breathtaking rock textures and formations.

Hidden Gems of Saudi Arabia

Madain Saleh (Hegra)

Madain Saleh is home to over 100 rock-cut tombs, each adorned with intricate carvings and inscriptions that provide insight into the Nabatean civilization, which flourished here over 2,000 years ago. Among the most famous tombs is Qasr al-Farid (The Lonely Castle), a massive freestanding tomb carved into a single rock. Visitors can explore these ancient burial sites, learn about the Nabateans’ impressive engineering skills, and marvel at the way the tombs blend seamlessly with the surrounding desert landscape.

Beyond the tombs, AlUla offers otherworldly rock formations, such as Elephant Rock, a natural sandstone structure shaped like an elephant, best experienced at sunset.

Rijal Almaa

Nestled in the Asir Mountains, Rijal Almaa is a breathtaking heritage village known for its multi-story stone houses adorned with colorful wooden windows. Once a major stop along ancient trade routes linking Arabia, Yemen, and the Levant, this well-preserved village showcases the unique architectural and cultural heritage of southern Saudi Arabia.

The Rijal Almaa Museum, housed within one of the traditional stone buildings, offers a fascinating look into the region’s history, traditional dress, weapons, manuscripts, and daily life artifacts.

Najran

Nestled in southern Saudi Arabia, Najran is a city rich in history, cultural heritage, and unique architecture, offering a fascinating blend of ancient ruins, traditional mud-brick forts, and lush oases. With a history stretching back thousands of years, Najran was once a key stop on the ancient incense trade route and home to various civilizations, leaving behind remarkable archaeological treasures.

One of the city’s most striking landmarks is the Najran Fort, a beautifully preserved mud-brick fortress that offers panoramic views of the surrounding palm groves and mountains. Visitors can explore its towers, courtyards, and traditional interiors, which provide insight into the region’s architectural style.

Najran is also home to pre-Islamic archaeological sites, including Al-Ukhdood, an ancient settlement believed to date back over 2,000 years. This site contains stone carvings, inscriptions, and ruins that tell the story of a once-thriving civilization, offering a glimpse into the region’s deep historical roots.

Nestled in southern Saudi Arabia, Najran is a city rich in history, cultural heritage, and unique architecture, offering a fascinating blend of ancient ruins, traditional mud-brick forts, and lush oases. With a history stretching back thousands of years, Najran was once a key stop on the ancient incense trade route and home to various civilizations, leaving behind remarkable archaeological treasures.

One of the city’s most striking landmarks is the Najran Fort, a beautifully preserved mud-brick fortress that offers panoramic views of the surrounding palm groves and mountains. Visitors can explore its towers, courtyards, and traditional interiors, which provide insight into the region’s architectural style.

Najran is also home to pre-Islamic archaeological sites, including Al-Ukhdood, an ancient settlement believed to date back over 2,000 years.

Dhee Ayn Village

Perched atop a rocky hill in the Al-Baha region, Dhee Ayn Village is one of Saudi Arabia’s most stunning heritage sites, known for its white-stone buildings that shimmer like marble against the surrounding mountains. This 400-year-old village is a striking contrast to the lush greenery of nearby valleys and offers a glimpse into traditional Arabian architecture and rural life.

The village consists of multi-story stone houses, built using locally sourced limestone, with flat roofs and small windows designed to withstand the region’s climate. Dhee Ayn was strategically placed to overlook trade routes and is surrounded by natural freshwater springs, which have sustained its inhabitants for centuries.

Jubbah Rock Art

Located in northern Saudi Arabia, near Ha’il, Jubbah Rock Art is one of the most significant archaeological sites in the Arabian Peninsula, featuring thousands of ancient petroglyphs and inscriptions dating back over 10,000 years.

Carved into the sandstone cliffs of the Nafud Desert, these prehistoric engravings depict scenes of daily life, hunting, and animals such as camels, ibex, and lions, offering a glimpse into the lives of early Arabian civilizations. The site is believed to have once been near an ancient lake, attracting human settlements whose stories are now etched into the rock.

Best Cultural & Historical Landmarks

Diriyah (At-Turaif District)

Located on the outskirts of Riyadh, Diriyah is one of Saudi Arabia’s most historically significant sites, known as the birthplace of the first Saudi state. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is home to At-Turaif District, an impressive mudbrick city that once served as the political and cultural center of the Al Saud dynasty in the 18th century.

Walking through At-Turaif, visitors can explore narrow alleyways, grand palaces, and historic fortresses, including Salwa Palace, the former royal residence. The district’s traditional Najdi architecture, characterized by mudbrick structures and decorative elements, reflects the region’s rich heritage. Diriyah also features museums, cultural exhibitions, and live performances, offering insight into the early days of the Saudi kingdom.

Masmak Fortress

Located in the heart of Riyadh, Masmak Fortress is one of Saudi Arabia’s most significant historical landmarks, playing a crucial role in the unification of the kingdom. Built in the mid-19th century, this imposing mudbrick fort was the site where King Abdulaziz Al Saud recaptured Riyadh in 1902, marking the beginning of his campaign to unite the Arabian Peninsula.

The fortress features thick defensive walls, watchtowers, and a large wooden gate, which still bears the marks of the famous battle. Inside, visitors can explore exhibits displaying traditional weapons, historical artifacts, and interactive displays that narrate the story of Saudi Arabia’s formation.

Al-Balad (Old Jeddah)

A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Al-Balad (Old Jeddah) is the historic heart of Jeddah, offering a glimpse into Saudi Arabia’s rich maritime and trading past. Founded in the 7th century, this district was once a key port along ancient trade routes, connecting the Arabian Peninsula to Africa and Asia.

Al-Balad is famous for its well-preserved coral-stone houses, adorned with intricately carved wooden balconies (Roshan) and decorated windows that showcase traditional Hijazi architecture. Notable landmarks include Nassif House, once home to prominent traders and dignitaries, and Al-Matbouli House, a beautifully restored museum filled with antiques and historical artifacts.

Al-Masjid al-Haram (Mecca)

Located in Mecca, Al-Masjid al-Haram is the largest and most sacred mosque in Islam, drawing millions of pilgrims annually for Hajj and Umrah. At its heart lies the Kaaba, the most revered site in Islam, where Muslims from around the world face during their daily prayers.

The mosque encompasses several important Islamic landmarks, including Maqam Ibrahim, where Prophet Ibrahim is believed to have stood while building the Kaaba, and the Zamzam Well, a sacred water source that has been flowing for centuries. The sprawling complex, continuously expanded to accommodate the increasing number of worshippers, features massive prayer halls, towering minarets, and intricate Islamic architecture.

Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (Medina)

Located in the holy city of Medina, Al-Masjid an-Nabawi is one of Islam’s most sacred sites, second only to Al-Masjid al-Haram in Mecca. Originally built by Prophet Muhammad in 622 AD, the mosque has since been expanded into a magnificent architectural masterpiece that serves as a place of worship, reflection, and deep spiritual significance for millions of Muslims.

At the heart of the mosque lies the Green Dome, which marks the resting place of Prophet Muhammad, along with Caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar. Pilgrims from around the world visit the Rawdah, an area inside the mosque regarded as one of the most blessed places to pray in Islam, often described as “a garden from the gardens of paradise.”

Qasr Al-Farid

Located in Madain Saleh (Hegra), Qasr Al-Farid is one of the most striking and mysterious Nabataean tombs in Saudi Arabia. Unlike other tombs in the region, which are carved into cliffs, Qasr Al-Farid stands completely isolated, giving it the name “The Lonely Castle.”

Carved directly into a massive sandstone rock, the tomb’s intricate façade remains unfinished, offering a glimpse into Nabataean construction techniques and artistry from over 2,000 years ago. Despite its name, Qasr Al-Farid was not a palace but a royal tomb, reflecting the influence of Petra’s rock-cut architecture in the region.

Best Culinary & Shopping Experiences

Saudi Dishes to Try

Saudi cuisine is a flavorful blend of Arabian, Persian, and Indian influences, with dishes that reflect the country’s rich culinary heritage and Bedouin traditions.

Kabsa is Saudi Arabia’s most famous dish, featuring fragrant spiced rice cooked with chicken, lamb, or camel meat, often garnished with roasted nuts and raisins. Another must-try dish is Mutabbaq, a crispy stuffed pancake filled with spiced minced meat and vegetables, popular as a street food snack. Jareesh, made from cracked wheat slow-cooked with meat, yogurt, and spices, is a comforting dish with a unique texture, commonly enjoyed in central and northern Saudi Arabia.

Traditional Sweets

Saudi desserts are a perfect blend of sweetness and rich textures, often made with dates, nuts, and syrup. Kunafa, a popular Middle Eastern pastry, consists of layers of crispy shredded phyllo dough filled with sweet cheese and soaked in syrup. Ma’amoul, small date-filled cookies, are often served during Eid celebrations and family gatherings. Qatayef, a stuffed pancake-like dessert, is a Ramadan favorite, filled with nuts, cream, or sweet cheese before being deep-fried or baked.

Local Markets (Souqs)

Saudi Arabia’s traditional souqs (markets) offer a vibrant shopping experience, showcasing handmade crafts, aromatic spices, and historical treasures.

Al Zal Market in Riyadh is one of the oldest markets in the capital, known for its antiques, traditional clothing, and fragrant spices. In Taif, Souq Okaz is a historical marketplace dating back to pre-Islamic times, now revived with cultural performances, poetry recitals, and artisan stalls. Meanwhile, Souq Al Alawi in Jeddah, located in Al-Balad (Old Jeddah), is a bustling market selling gold, textiles, and perfumes, offering visitors a chance to experience the city’s rich trading history.

Travel Tips for Visiting Saudi Arabia

Best Time to Visit

• Winter (November–March): Ideal for sightseeing and outdoor activities.
• Spring (March–May): Pleasant temperatures for desert excursions.
• Summer (June–September): Best for coastal and Red Sea activities.
• Autumn (September–November): Great for cultural festivals and hiking.

Visa & Entry Requirements

• Most travelers can apply for a Saudi eVisa.
• Religious visas are required for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims.

Cultural Etiquette & Safety

Saudi Arabia follows traditional Islamic customs, and visitors are expected to respect local cultural norms.

Modest dress is required in public, with men and women advised to wear loose, respectful clothing that covers shoulders and knees. Women are not required to wear an abaya or hijab, but conservative attire is recommended. Alcohol is strictly prohibited, and bringing or consuming it can result in severe legal consequences.

Public displays of affection, including holding hands or hugging in public, are not socially acceptable. However, Saudi Arabia has made significant reforms in recent years, allowing women to travel alone and drive legally, providing more independence for female travelers.

Driving and Car Rental Tips

Renting a Car

Renting a car in Saudi Arabia is easy and widely available in major cities like Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam, with rental agencies at airports and commercial centers. Having a car is highly recommended for exploring beyond urban areas, especially when visiting desert landscapes, historical sites, and nature reserves, where public transportation is limited. 4×4 vehicles are ideal for those planning to explore mountainous or desert regions.

Most tourists will need an International Driving Permit (IDP) alongside their valid home country driver’s license to rent and drive a car in Saudi Arabia. It is advisable to check with rental agencies beforehand, as some may accept licenses from certain countries without an IDP.

Driving Conditions & Rules

Saudi Arabia has a modern and well-maintained road network, but driving can be aggressive in city centers, with some motorists disregarding traffic rules. Defensive driving is essential, especially in busy areas like Riyadh and Jeddah.

• Speed limits are strictly enforced, with automated cameras (Saher system) monitoring violations. Exceeding the limit can result in heavy fines.
• Seat belts are mandatory for all passengers.
• Using a mobile phone while driving is prohibited unless using a hands-free device.
• Fuel prices are low compared to global standards, making road trips cost-effective.

For those planning to explore Saudi Arabia’s diverse landscapes, renting a car is one of the best ways to experience the country’s rich cultural and natural beauty while maintaining flexibility and convenience.

Saudi Arabia offers a unique blend of modernity, history, and natural beauty, making it an exciting destination for travelers. Beyond its major cities, visitors can explore the rich culture, breathtaking landscapes, and legendary Arabian hospitality.