Best places to visit in Iraq

Iraq is a country rich in ancient history, diverse landscapes, and a unique blend of cultures. As the home of Mesopotamia, one of the world’s earliest civilizations, Iraq boasts historical sites dating back thousands of years. The country consists of two distinct regions: Federal Iraq (Baghdad, Basra, Mosul) and the Kurdistan Region (Erbil, Sulaymaniyah).

Best Cities to Visit

Baghdad

As one of the most historic cities in the world, Baghdad is a center of rich cultural heritage, intellectual legacy, and vibrant markets.

The Al-Mustansiriya School, a medieval Islamic institution dating back to the 13th century, showcases stunning Abbasid-era architecture and was once a leading center of learning in the Islamic world. Al-Mutanabbi Street, known as the heart of Iraq’s literary scene, is lined with bookshops and cafes, attracting writers, scholars, and book lovers. The National Museum of Iraq houses priceless Mesopotamian artifacts, including treasures from the Sumerian, Assyrian, and Babylonian civilizations, offering a glimpse into the country’s ancient past.

Erbil

As the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan, Erbil blends thousands of years of history with a thriving modern atmosphere.

At its heart lies the Erbil Citadel, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the world, offering panoramic views and historical insights. Below, the Bazaar of Erbil is a bustling market where visitors can experience authentic Kurdish culture, handicrafts, and local cuisine. For a peaceful retreat, Sami Abdulrahman Park, one of the largest green spaces in the Middle East, provides walking paths, lakes, and recreational areas, making it a great spot to unwind.

Basra

Famous for its waterways, palm groves, and historical significance, Basra is a key cultural and economic hub in southern Iraq.

The Shatt al-Arab River, where the Tigris and Euphrates meet, offers scenic boat rides through lush palm-lined shores, reflecting Basra’s deep connection to trade and maritime history. The Ashar Market, a bustling traditional bazaar, showcases local crafts, spices, and fresh seafood, providing an authentic glimpse into Basra’s vibrant daily life.

Mosul

One of Iraq’s oldest and most historically significant cities, Mosul is gradually rebuilding after years of conflict, reclaiming its place as a center of culture and heritage.

The Great Mosque of al-Nuri, famous for its once-leaning minaret (“Al-Hadba”), remains a powerful symbol of the city’s deep Islamic history. The Mosul Museum, though damaged, is undergoing restoration and continues to house artifacts from the Assyrian and Mesopotamian civilizations, reflecting Mosul’s ancient past.

Najaf

As one of the holiest cities in Shia Islam, Najaf is a major religious and pilgrimage destination, rich in spiritual significance and history.

At its core lies the Imam Ali Shrine, the final resting place of Imam Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad. With its golden dome, intricate tilework, and vast courtyards, the shrine attracts millions of pilgrims each year. Nearby, the Wadi-us-Salaam Cemetery, the largest cemetery in the world, holds the graves of millions of Muslims, including revered scholars and saints.

Karbala

As one of the holiest cities in Shia Islam, Karbala is a major spiritual center, drawing millions of pilgrims each year.

The Imam Hussein Shrine, the final resting place of Imam Hussein, commemorates his martyrdom at the Battle of Karbala in 680 AD. This majestic complex, with its golden dome and intricate tilework, is a place of deep devotion. Nearby, the Al-Abbas Shrine, dedicated to Imam Hussein’s brother, is another revered landmark known for its striking minarets and spiritual significance.

Sulaymaniyah

Known for its vibrant arts scene, historical significance, and stunning landscapes, Sulaymaniyah is a dynamic city in Iraqi Kurdistan.

The Amna Suraka Museum (Red Prison) serves as a powerful reminder of Iraq’s turbulent history, documenting the Anfal genocide and Kurdish struggle through exhibits in a former Ba’athist prison. For breathtaking views, Azmar Mountain offers a panoramic overlook of the city and surrounding valleys, making it a popular spot for hiking and sunset photography.

Best Natural Wonders

Stretching across western Iran and into Iraq, the Zagros Mountains offer some of the most breathtaking landscapes in the region, making them an ideal destination for trekking, mountaineering, and adventure seekers.

Zagros Mountains

The range features rugged peaks, deep valleys, and lush highland meadows, with trails passing through remote Kurdish villages, ancient rock formations, and diverse wildlife habitats. Popular trekking spots include Oshtoran Kuh, Dena National Park, and Hawraman Valley, where visitors can experience traditional culture alongside stunning scenery.

Lake Dukan

Nestled in the mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan, Lake Dukan is a serene getaway known for its crystal-clear waters and scenic surroundings. This largest lake in Kurdistan is perfect for boating, fishing, and swimming, while its lush shores provide an ideal setting for picnics and camping. Surrounded by rolling hills, the lake offers a peaceful escape for nature lovers and adventure seekers looking to unwind in a picturesque setting.

Rawanduz Canyon

One of the most spectacular natural wonders in Iraqi Kurdistan, Rawanduz Canyon features towering cliffs, deep gorges, and breathtaking panoramic views. Carved by the Rawanduz River, the canyon is a haven for hiking, rock climbing, and photography, with dramatic landscapes stretching as far as the eye can see. The nearby town of Rawanduz serves as a gateway to the canyon, offering access to waterfalls, suspension bridges, and scenic viewpoints. A must-visit for nature lovers and adventure seekers exploring Kurdistan’s rugged beauty.

Samawa Desert & Chibayish Marshes

The Samawa Desert offers vast, golden sand dunes and rugged landscapes, perfect for desert trekking, stargazing, and exploring ancient caravan routes. It is home to the mysterious Moon Crater and the ruins of ancient Sumerian and Babylonian sites, revealing Iraq’s deep historical roots.

In contrast, the Chibayish Marshes, part of the Mesopotamian Marshes, are a lush wetland ecosystem inhabited by the Maʻdān (Marsh Arabs), who live in traditional reed houses and rely on fishing and water buffalo herding. Visitors can take boat tours through the winding waterways, witness diverse birdlife, and experience the unique floating villages that have existed for thousands of years.

Hidden Gems of Iraq

Amedi

Perched dramatically on a high plateau, Amedi is a stunning ancient Kurdish town with over 3,000 years of history. Once a major center for the Assyrians, Persians, and Ottomans, the town retains its historic charm, with narrow stone streets, ancient gates, and panoramic views of the surrounding mountains.

Amedi is known for landmarks like the Badinan Gate, a relic of its medieval past, and the nearby Gali Ali Beg Waterfall, one of Kurdistan’s most scenic natural spots. With its rich heritage, breathtaking location, and peaceful atmosphere, Amedi is a must-visit for history lovers and adventure seekers exploring Iraqi Kurdistan.

Al-Qush

Nestled in the Nineveh Plains, Al-Qush is an ancient Christian town known for its centuries-old monasteries and breathtaking landscapes.

The town is home to the Rabban Hormizd Monastery, a 7th-century cliffside sanctuary carved into the mountains, offering panoramic views and deep spiritual history. Another key site is the Mar Mikhael Monastery, reflecting Al-Qush’s enduring Christian heritage. Surrounded by rolling hills and rugged terrain, the town provides a peaceful retreat for those exploring Iraq’s rich religious and cultural history.

Babylon

Once the heart of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, Babylon is one of the most famous ancient cities in history, known for its grand palaces, towering walls, and mythic wonders.

Among its most iconic ruins are the Ishtar Gate, with its stunning blue-glazed bricks, and the remnants of Nebuchadnezzar’s Palace, showcasing the city’s former glory. Though the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, remain a mystery, Babylon’s archaeological treasures continue to captivate historians and travelers alike.

A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Babylon offers a glimpse into the epic past of Mesopotamian civilization, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts.

Ctesiphon

Once the grand capital of the Parthian and Sassanian Empires, Ctesiphon is home to one of the most remarkable architectural feats of the ancient world—the Taq Kasra, the largest single-span brick arch ever built.

This awe-inspiring structure, also known as the Arch of Ctesiphon, was part of a massive imperial palace and stands as a symbol of Persian engineering and grandeur.

Lalish

Nestled in a serene valley in northern Iraq, Lalish is the holiest site for the Yazidi people, serving as a place of pilgrimage and spiritual refuge.

This sacred village is home to the Shrine of Sheikh Adi, the most revered figure in Yazidism, featuring distinctive conical temple roofs, ancient stone pathways, and sacred springs. Pilgrims walk barefoot within the holy grounds as a sign of respect, and the site exudes a deep sense of peace and spirituality.

Best Cultural & Historical Landmarks

Erbil Citadel

Rising above the modern city, the Erbil Citadel is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the world, dating back over 6,000 years.

This fortified hilltop settlement has witnessed the rise and fall of numerous civilizations, from the Assyrians and Babylonians to the Ottomans. Visitors can wander through its narrow alleys, explore historic homes, and visit the Kurdish Textile Museum, which showcases traditional crafts.

Imam Ali Shrine (Najaf)

Located in Najaf, the Imam Ali Shrine is one of the holiest sites in Shia Islam, attracting millions of pilgrims annually.

The shrine houses the tomb of Imam Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad, and features a magnificent golden dome, intricate tilework, and vast courtyards. As a center of Islamic scholarship and devotion, the site is deeply revered by Shia Muslims worldwide.

Imam Hussein Shrine (Karbala)

Located in Karbala, the Imam Hussein Shrine is one of the holiest sites in Shia Islam, drawing millions of pilgrims annually, especially during Arbaeen, one of the world’s largest religious gatherings.

The shrine is the final resting place of Imam Hussein, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad, who was martyred in the Battle of Karbala in 680 AD. Its golden dome, intricate calligraphy, and vast courtyards create a deeply spiritual and solemn atmosphere, symbolizing sacrifice, justice, and faith.

Great Ziggurat of Ur

One of the most iconic remnants of ancient Mesopotamia, the Great Ziggurat of Ur is a 4,000-year-old Sumerian temple built during the reign of King Ur-Nammu in the 21st century BC.

This massive stepped structure, originally dedicated to the moon god Nanna, served as the religious and administrative center of the ancient city of Ur. Though only the lower levels remain intact, the site’s imposing mud-brick terraces and staircases still evoke the grandeur of one of the world’s earliest civilizations.

Al-Mutanabbi Street (Baghdad)

Located in the heart of Baghdad, Al-Mutanabbi Street is a historic center of literature, intellectual exchange, and cultural heritage. Named after the famous 10th-century poet Al-Mutanabbi, this street has been a hub for writers, scholars, and book lovers for centuries.

Lined with bookshops, cafes, and street vendors, it offers a treasure trove of literature, from ancient manuscripts to modern works. Every Friday, the street comes alive with poetry readings, discussions, and a vibrant literary atmosphere.

Baghdad Tower

Standing tall in the Baghdad skyline, Baghdad Tower is a symbol of the city’s endurance and progress, offering stunning panoramic views of the Iraqi capital.

Originally built as Saddam Tower, it was later renamed and remains a key landmark of Baghdad’s post-war revival. Visitors can take an elevator to the observation deck for a 360-degree view of the city, including the Tigris River and historic landmarks. The tower also houses a revolving restaurant, providing a unique dining experience with breathtaking sights.

Best Culinary Experiences

Iraqi Dishes to Try

Iraqi cuisine is a rich blend of Middle Eastern and Mesopotamian influences, known for its bold flavors, aromatic spices, and hearty meals. Here are some must-try traditional dishes:

• Masgouf – Often considered Iraq’s national dish, masgouf is a grilled freshwater fish, typically carp, marinated with olive oil, tamarind, and spices before being slow-cooked over an open flame. It’s commonly served with rice and pickled vegetables.
• Dolma – A staple in Iraqi households, dolma consists of grape leaves and vegetables stuffed with a flavorful mixture of rice, herbs, and sometimes minced meat, all cooked in a tangy tomato-based sauce.
• Kebabs – Iraqi kebabs are seasoned minced meat skewers, usually made with lamb or beef, grilled over charcoal and served with fresh vegetables, sumac, and warm samoon bread.
• Quzi (Qoozi) – A grand dish often served at celebrations, quzi is a slow-cooked lamb stuffed with rice, nuts, and spices, traditionally roasted to perfection and served on a large platter.
• Samoon Bread – This iconic Iraqi bread is slightly crispy on the outside and soft on the inside. Its unique diamond shape makes it perfect for scooping up stews or wrapping around kebabs.

Traditional Sweets

Iraqi desserts highlight the country’s love for dates, nuts, and fragrant spices. Here are some popular treats:

• Kleicha – The national cookie of Iraq, kleicha is a pastry filled with dates, walnuts, or sweetened cardamom-spiced fillings, often enjoyed during holidays and celebrations.
• Baklava – A rich, flaky pastry layered with nuts and soaked in honey or syrup, offering a sweet and crunchy indulgence.
• Zalabia – Deep-fried dough soaked in syrup or honey, creating a crispy and sweet treat often enjoyed with tea.

Travel Tips for Visiting Iraq

Best Time to Visit

• Spring (March–May): Best weather for sightseeing and nature trips.
• Autumn (September–November): Ideal for cultural tours.
• Summer (June–August): Extremely hot, but good for mountain regions in Kurdistan.
• Winter (December–February): Can be cold in the north but pleasant in the south.

Safety & Cultural Etiquette

• Iraq is gradually stabilizing, but some areas remain sensitive; always check travel advisories.
• Respect local customs—dress modestly, especially in religious cities.
• Hospitality is a key part of Iraqi culture—accepting tea and food is a sign of respect.

Driving and Car Rental Tips

Renting a car in Iraq can provide flexibility for travelers who wish to explore beyond major cities. However, it’s important to consider local road conditions, safety factors, and driving regulations before making a decision.

Car Rental & Vehicle Recommendations

• Availability – Rental cars are available in major cities like Baghdad, Erbil, and Basra, but self-driving is not always recommended for foreign visitors due to complex road conditions and security concerns. Hiring a local driver may be a safer alternative.
• Best Vehicle Choice – If you plan to drive outside urban areas, especially in mountainous or rural regions, a 4×4 vehicle is highly recommended for better stability on rough terrain.
• Foreign drivers must have an International Driving Permit (IDP) along with their national driver’s license. It’s advisable to check with the rental agency about any additional requirements before arrival.

Driving Conditions & Rules

• Road Quality – Iraq’s road network includes well-maintained highways, but many rural and secondary roads can be in poor condition, with potholes and limited signage.
• City Traffic – In cities like Baghdad, traffic is often chaotic, with aggressive driving styles, minimal adherence to traffic laws, and frequent congestion. Defensive driving and extra caution are essential.
• Fuel Costs – Iraq has some of the cheapest fuel prices in the world, making driving economical, but fuel availability in remote areas may be inconsistent.
• Checkpoints & Security – Military and police checkpoints are common throughout the country. Always carry identification, vehicle registration, and necessary travel documents to avoid issues.

Iraq is a land of deep history, stunning landscapes, and warm hospitality. Travelers can explore ancient civilizations, breathtaking natural wonders, and vibrant cultures. Engage with locals—they are incredibly friendly and eager to share their stories!