探索創新和傳統：土耳其蓬勃發展的汽車產業一瞥

Turkey may not be the first country that comes to mind when we talk about commercial vehicles, but recent developments have certainly put it on the map for enthusiasts and industry watchers alike. The introduction of the new F-Line series by Ford Trucks, along with a visit to the Orthaus semi-trailer factory near Istanbul, showcases Turkey’s robust position in the global automotive landscape.

Gone are the days when Turkish highways were dotted with horse-drawn carts and vintage trucks sporting wooden, red bodies and canvas covers. Today, the country’s highways reflect a modern commercial fleet, with vehicles from renowned brands like Mercedes, MAN, and IVECO being produced right here. Moreover, Turkey’s own brands, designed to European standards, are increasingly aimed at the export markets.

One such example is the BMC Tugra series, a lesser-known name that debuted at the IAA in Hanover in 2018. This series combines natural components like cabins and front axles with proprietary units such as IVECO engines, ZF gearboxes, and Meritor axles. Initially unveiled as tractors, the Tugra now also includes dump trucks and is making its mark in several European markets including Belgium, Greece, Spain, and Poland.

Despite the modernization, remnants of the past linger on Turkish roads, such as the previous Professional series trucks with their narrow, wedge-shaped cabins designed by Pininfarina. In rural areas, one might still encounter the old BMC Fatih trucks, the Turkish equivalents of the Soviet-era KAMAZ, now equipped with Cummins diesel engines and Eaton transmissions.

Ford trucks have a special place in Turkey’s automotive history, having been produced since the 1960s. The famous Cargo family, originally developed by Ford’s English branch, has outlived all its competitors and is still being manufactured in significant quantities in Turkey and Brazil.

The latest evolution from Ford is the F-Line series, named after the flagship tractor F-Max. This new series includes a variety of vehicles such as dump trucks, distribution trucks, refuse trucks, and budget tractors. The F-Line maintains the narrow (2.2 meters) cabin of its predecessor, only now it’s restyled, lending it the nickname F-Min.

The engines for the F-Line continue to be proprietary, ranging from 330 to 480 horsepower, and are complemented by transmissions from Ford or from brands like ZF and Eaton, including automated models. To meet EU regulations, these trucks have been equipped with an unprecedented number of safety systems and assistance features, totaling 13, including an alcohol interlock and a touchscreen interface. The European debut of this series was fittingly at the Solutrans exhibition in France, targeting the EU market directly. The series is slated for release in Turkey in February 2024.

Turkey’s automotive history also includes the now-defunct third national manufacturer, Askam, which had its roots in the USA. Although it closed down long ago, its trucks—branded under Dodge, Fargo, and DeSoto—still sporadically appear on the roads, featuring a mix of old licensed cabins and modern engines and transmissions.

Turkey is not just about trucks; it’s also a major player in the bus manufacturing sector. Remarkably, all tourist liners from MAN and Neoplan are now manufactured in Turkey. Among the domestic manufacturers, Temsa stands out, having evolved from assembling licensed Japanese Mitsubishi buses to setting global standards with innovations like its latest hydrogen-powered bus developed in collaboration with Portuguese body shop Caetano.

Despite the thriving local industry, the Turkish bus market has never aggressively targeted the Russian market. Meanwhile, Ford Trucks, which had begun selling and even assembling F-Max tractors in Kaliningrad, withdrew from Russia following directives from its overseas stakeholders. However, Turkish semi-trailers like those from Orthaus, seen during my recent visit to their factory in Akyazı, hold promising prospects for our market. Here, influenced by German technology and standards, Orthaus continues to symbolize quality and reliability. Originally a German family-owned business that started producing trailers in the 1920s, Orthaus was reestablished in Turkey in 2010, with its new factory boasting an annual capacity of up to 15,000 units—though actual production numbers are currently much lower.

More than two hundred workers, described as notably happy, staff the Orthaus factory, drawing a cultural parallel to German factories where many Turks work, albeit with less cheer. The components used in production, sourced from various European countries, are stored outdoors, thanks to the forgiving local climate—a stark contrast to practices in Germany. Orthaus takes particular pride in its cataphoretic coating complex—purportedly the largest in Turkey—and its robotic painting system, which guarantees the paintwork for ten years.

Semi-trailers enter our market through Novorossiysk, and they cater to various segments as well. Approximately 60% are tarpaulin models, 17% are designed for container transport, and 13% function as refrigerators. The remaining 10% comprise other types such as dump trucks and grain carriers. Notably, there are models specially designed for our market—long vehicles including four-axle versions and a 30-cubic-meter dump semi-trailer that meets all regulatory requirements.

Pricing for these models varies: an Orthaus dump truck is available at dealers for 6 million rubles, while a “curtain” side model costs between 6.6 million to 8.2 million for a four-axle long vehicle. A long refrigerator truck ranges from 11 million to 13.7 million rubles.

Despite a robust lineup, our freight market is beginning to experience a noticeable slowdown due to market saturation and rate hikes by the Central Bank. Moreover, the situation is not much better in Turkey itself; sales struggled in June. By October, only about 2,800 trucks were registered—3% fewer than the previous year and 1.7 times less than what was registered in Germany in the same month. This has led local manufacturers to set their sights hopefully on Europe.

照片：馬克西姆·切爾尼亞夫斯基

這是翻譯。您可以在這裡閱讀原文： Что интересного мы увидели на заводе Orthaus и на дорогах Турции